美国对非洲投资的历史透视与现状解析

王涛  鲍家政

摘要：美国对非洲的投资始于19世纪初。第二次世界大战结束后,投资的规模日益扩大,领域逐渐丰富、地域不断扩展,并形成了协调性好、持续性强的对非洲投资机制。21世纪以来,美国长期保持了对非洲直接投资存量第一大国的地位。在冷战时期,投资非洲服务于美国对抗苏联、保障能源供给多元化的战略;冷战结束后,投资非洲又逐渐增加了传播民主、善治理念,从根源上消除恐怖主义滋生土壤,与中国等新兴国家相竞争的战略意图。对非洲而言,美国的投资促进了非洲的出口、解决了就业问题;对美国来说,在非洲的投资回报率最高,且拉动了美国的出口,在一定程度上也配合了美国对非洲乃至全球战略的实施。

本文发表于《美国问题研究》2018年第1期

Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Analysis of the U. S. Investment in Africa

Abstract: The U. S. investment in Africa began in the early 19th century. After World War II, the scale of investment is expanding increasingly, the fields are gradually becoming more richer and the areas are expanding continuously. A coordinated and sustained investment mechanism for Africa is formed. Since the 21st century, the U. S. has maintained its position as the largest power in the stock of African direct investment for a long time. During the Cold War, the U. S. investment in Africa had to serve its strategy of fighting against the Soviet Union and diversifying its energy supply. In the Post-Cold War period, the U. S. investment in Africa gradually increased its concept of spreading democracy and good governance, eliminating terrorism and competing with emerging countries like China. For Africa, the U. S. investment has boosted Africa’s exports and solved the employment problem. For the U. S., the investment in Africa has a high rate of return and promotes its exports. To a certain extent, this also serves as the Africa-oriented and global strategy.