内容提要：1994年南非种族隔离制度结束后，持续推进包容性社会建设。随着大量外国移民涌入南非，南非的排外行为增多且持续不断。南非排外的对象主要是外籍非洲黑人，排外的参与群体范围相对较广，排外行为持续发生且频次较高，排外方式较为极端。经济问题的社会化是导致南非发生排外行为的根本原因，非理性的民族主义是南非排外的重要思想来源，长期的种族隔离是南非排外的历史缘由，“相对剥夺感”是排外情绪的主要来源，媒体的舆论导向是南非排外思潮的催化剂。排外行为是南非政治经济转型时期出现的集种族主义、民族主义、暴力文化和社会分层等为一体的复杂问题，给南非造成较为严重的负面影响。为此，南非需要制定整体性的长期解决方案，通过促进经济发展、创造就业岗位和商业机会、完善制度建设、加强社会治理、打击犯罪等多种路径解决这一问题。

关键词：移民问题；南非；排外行为；政治经济转型 

Abstract: After the end of the Apartheid regime in South Africa in 1994, a large number of foreign immigrants flooded into South Africa, triggering continued xenophobic behavior in South Africa. The target of South Africa’s xenophobic behavior is mainly black African immigrants, and the implementation groups are relatively wide. The phenomenon of xenophobic behavior continues to occur with high frequency and extreme violence. The socialization of economic problems is the root cause of xenophobic behavior in South Africa, the irrational nationalism is the important source of thought, the long-term Apartheid is the historical reason, the “relative deprivation” is the main source of xenophobia, and the media’s public opinion orientation is a catalyst for South Africa’s xenophobic thoughts. Xenophobic behavior is a complex issue of racism, nationalism, violence culture and social stratification that emerged during the political and economic transformation of South Africa, which has a relatively serious negative impact on South Africa. Therefore, South Africa needs to develop a holistic, long-term solution to solve this problem through various paths such as economic development, institution building, and social governance.

Key Words: Immigration Issues; South Africa; Xenophobic Behavior; Political and Economic Transformation

    本文发表于《西亚非洲》2019年第5期。