内容提要：进入21世纪以来中国与非洲国家的经济合作迅猛发展。一些西方政客和分析人士指责中国对非洲的投资与援助致使非洲国家的外债迅速攀升，增加了这些国家的主权债务风险，同时通过国有企业的直接或间接投资与控股，引诱非洲国家陷入“债务陷阱”，影响相关国家的外交政策。实际上，目前非洲国家的外债源于其经济发展结构和债务管理水平等内部因素，与外来直接投资下降和全球经济疲软等外部因素的共同作用。中国的投资与援助并没有显著地增加非洲国家的外债压力，一方面，中国免除非洲重债穷国的债务负担或进行债务重组，而非占有这些国家的资产；另一方面，中国采取强有力的措施鼓励私人企业到非洲投资，增强非洲国家的自我发展能力。为了应对西方的无理指责，中国应进一步深化在非洲的多领域、多层次的经济合作，既能实现投资流向的多元化、降低投资风险，又可减轻非洲国家的疑虑；与此同时，中国应加强与非洲国家及西方媒体的沟通，加大外宣工作的力度。

关键词：中非合作；“债务陷阱式外交”；投资；援助

Abstract: Sino - African economic cooperation has rapidly developed in the new millennium. Some Western politicians and analysts condemn that it is China’s investment and economic assistance that have caused foreign debt in African countries to skyrocket, created their risks of sovereign debt, and at the same time made these countries fall into the “debt trap” through direct and indirect investment or holding of its state owned enterprise, and eventually influenced the debtors’ foreign policy. In fact, the current level and structure of foreign debt stem from both internal and external factors. Internally, African countries lack proper economic structure and the capacity to manage their debt. Externally, they experience decline of foreign direct investment and the recession of global economy. Investment and assistance from China do not significantly increase their debt burden. On the one hand, China often helps relieve highly indebted African countries of their debt by canceling or restructuring their debt, rather than appropriating their national assets; on the other hand, China has taken effective measures to encourage private enterprises to invest in Africa. In order to counter the unfounded accusation of the West, China ought to deepen its multilevel economic cooperation with African countries in various areas. This will not only diversify its investment flow, reduce financial risks, but also decrease the misgivings of African debtors. At the same time, China should strengthen cooperation with African countries and Western media, and strengthen international publicity.

Key Words: Sino -African Cooperation; “Debt -trap Diplomacy”; Investment; Aid

本文发表于《西亚非洲》2020年第1期。