王涛 邓荣秀

摘要：围绕1934年以来的意埃冲突，日本外交政策在短短两年内曾发生两次较大的变化。据日本国立公文馆解密档案显示，日本从最初对埃塞俄比亚的同情、支持，变为了1935年7月以后的暧昧态度，随着1936年5月意大利占领埃塞俄比亚全境，日本的政策又转为对意大利的支持。日本最初支持埃塞俄比亚，是因为日埃同属欧美以外的非白种人文明，日本对埃塞俄比亚有着天然的同情；这也是由于日本欲争夺在东非的经济利益，并报复意大利的对华友好政策，而选择了保守支持埃塞俄比亚的态度。随着意埃冲突扩大化，日本的政策也变得日益摇摆。但在意大利占领埃塞俄比亚全境后，日本则承认了这一占领事实，以维护自身利益。在此过程中，日本试图在理想主义外交理念中寻找对这种政策逆转的合理化解读，但其本质上仍是一种投机性的外交。

关键词：意埃冲突；日本外交；理想主义；现实利益

Abstract: Japan’s foreign policy underwent two major changes during the Italo-Ethiopian conflict from 1934 to 1936. The declassified files in the Center for Asian Historical Records in National Archives of Japan shows that Japan supported and sympathized with Ethiopia at the initial stage of the conflict. After July 1935, the Japanese attitude became ambiguous and vague. With the occupation of Ethiopia by Italy in May 1936, Japan supported Italy instead. The initial support for Ethiopia was due to the fact that Japan and Ethiopia were both non-Caucasian civilizations and had natural sympathy toward each other. It was also due to Japan’s desire to obtain economic interests in East Africa that it was hostile to Italy. However, After Italy occupied the entire territory of Ethiopia, Japan acknowledged the fact of occupation and tried to defend its own interests by exchanging interests with Italy. In the process, Japan attempted to interpret its idealist diplomatic philosophy. but in fact, its diplomacy was speculative.

Key words: Italo-Ethiopian conflict; Japan’s diplomacy; idealism; realistic interests

本文发表于《历史教学问题》2021年第2期。