王涛　崔媛媛

内容提要: 巴西对非洲投资起步较早。2003年以来该国政府进一步加大了对非洲投资的支持力度。巴西对非洲投资主要青睐非洲的土地、劳动力、市场距离优势，期待更高的投资回报率并拉动对非洲出口。巴西还希望以投资形式开辟非洲新产地，间接促进对欧美地区的出口。更重要的是，巴西将投资非洲作为提振国家形象、支援非洲发展的手段，希望以此打造巴西作为南半球发展中国家代言人的地位。巴西政府为促进对非洲投资，在外交部下设立了非洲司、巴西合作局、 贸易投资促进局三部门，以执行投资便利化、信息便利化政策，并提供对非洲投资的个性化服务。巴西对非洲投资规模不大，投资主体也多限于国有大型企业，投资地区集中于以非洲葡语国家、南非为代表的南部非洲。投资实现了巴西与非洲的双赢，不仅为巴西打造了稳定的能源供应市场，促进了巴西产品对非洲出口，而且为非洲引入了新技术、创造了新岗位。但与此同时，巴西对非洲投资也受到投资项目效率低、环境与社会风险挑战的不利影响。巴西对非洲投资积累了丰富的经验，如投资活动与人文交流有机结合，投资前准备工作与投资过程动态管理兼顾，投资与促进非洲本土发展相适应，相关经验教训都值得中国借鉴。

关键词: 巴西；非洲；投资；投资战略；投资便利化

Abstract: Brazil’s investment in Africa started in 1950s. It has further increased its support for investment in Africa since 2003. Brazil’s investment in Africa mainly favors Africa’s advantages in land, labor and market distance, and expects a higher return on investment and boosts exports to Africa. Brazil also looks forward to opening up new production areas in Africa in the form of investment, indirectly promoting exports to Europe and the United States. More importantly, Brazil plans to boost its international image as spokesman of developing countries and strengthen its political ties with Africa through investment. In order to promote investment in Africa, the Brazilian government has successively set up three departments: the Department for Africa, the Brazilian Cooperation Agency, and the Department for Trade Promotion and Investment. They are devoted to promote investment facilitation and information facilitation policies, and provide personalized service policies. Brazil’s investment in Africa is small, and the main investors are mostly limited to large state-owned enterprises. Brazil’s investment areas concentrates in southern Africa, representing by Portuguese-speaking African countries and South Africa. Brazil’s investment has achieved a win-win situation for Brazil and Africa, not only creating a stable energy supply market for Brazil, promoting the export of Brazilian products to Africa, but also introducing new technologies and creating new jobs for Africa. Brazil’s investment in Africa has also been adversely affected by inefficient investment, and environmental or social risk challenges. China should draw on the experiences of Brazil’s investment, which include: (1) the combination of investment activities and inter-civilizational exchanges, (2) the preparation of pre-investment and the dynamic management in the investment process, and (3) the serve of African local development.

Key words: Brazil; Africa; investment; strategic intent; characteristics

本文发表于《拉丁美洲研究》2021年第2期。