王涛 崔媛媛

内容提要 非洲风能资源丰富，是应对巨大电力缺口的重要补充。开发技术日趋成熟及相关设备价格低廉使不富裕的非洲各国利用风能成为可能。非洲对风能的开发利用同样有利于应对气候变化、适应低碳发展潮流。当前，非洲国家的风能利用战略主要为补充型风能战略，致力于使风能成为能源开发与经济发展的有机补充。各国通过税收优惠、电力优先购买、固定电价等政策扶持风能尤其是风电开发。国际组织、国际风能企业参与到非洲风电场的建设与运营中，成为非洲风能开发的重要助力。本土风能企业以经营油气、水能开发的国有能源企业为主，虽然有利于统筹各类能源利用，但风能在其中处于从属地位。尽管面临人力资源匮乏、资金短缺等挑战，但在可预期的未来，风能开发将成为非洲经济社会发展的新动力，也将为中非合作提供新的广阔空间。

关键词 非洲风能；开发利用；可再生能源；中非风能合作

Abstract: Africa is rich in wind energy, which is an important supplement to the huge power gap. The maturity of technology development and the low prices of related equipment make it possible for non-rich African countries to use wind energy. The development and utilization of African wind energy is equally conducive to addressing climate change and adapting to low-carbon trends. At present, the wind energy utilization strategy of African countries is mainly supplementary wind energy strategy, which is committed to making wind energy become an organic supplement between energy and economic development. Various countries support the development of wind energy, especially wind power, through policies such as preferential tax, power purchase priority, and Feed-in Tariff. International organizations and international wind energy enterprises to participate in the construction and operation of African wind farms, and become an important support for wind energy development in Africa. Local wind energy enterprises are mainly state-owned energy enterprises engaged in the development of oil, gas and water energy, although it is beneficial to coordinate all kinds of energy utilization, but wind energy is in a subordinate position among them. Despite the challenges of lack of human resources and shortage of funds, in the foreseeable future, wind energy development will become a new driving force for Africa's economic and social development, and will also provide a new broad space for China-Africa development cooperation.

Key words: African Wind Energy, Development and Utilization, Renewable Energy, China-Africa Wind Energy Cooperation

本文发表于《中国非洲学刊》2020年第2期。