Kaze Armel

        摘要：多年来，中国作为新兴援助国，已经形成自己独特的对外援助实践。随着中国援助提供者的地位日趋成熟，其对外援助方式也获得了很高的评价。2013年，在习近平主席的领导下，中国政府提出了“一带一路”倡议，该倡议已成为中国外交政策的主要组成部分，并带动中国对外援助政策进行新一轮的改革。中国对非援助一直保持着平等政策。中国在非洲国家分享自己的发展经验，帮助许多非洲国家从 “贫穷”向 “发展中”、从 “受援国”向“创富国”过渡，许多非洲国家也因此将其利益从西方转向东方。当然，欧盟作为一个传统的援助方，仍然是世界尤其是非洲国家最大的援助提供者。换句话说，欧盟的援助已成为许多非洲国家不可缺少的资金来源。然而，由于北京和布鲁塞尔设计和实施的援助项目中缺乏非洲本土的决策者，其对非援助的有效性仍然很低。一些批评者认为，中国和欧洲对非洲的援助并没有达到预期的最佳效果。本文认为，通过中、欧、非三方合作建立一个新的国际援助机制，将提高中国和欧洲对非洲的援助成效。三方合作不仅可以提高对非洲的援助效率，还可以给非洲国家一个机会，即可通过援助和指导增强自身的发展能力，减少对援助的依赖，并有望保证非洲国家顺利摆脱官方开发援助，实现自主发展。

关键词：三方合作；对外援助；援助依赖；有效性

Abstract: Over the years, China has forged and mastered its own distinctive foreign aid practices as an emerging aid donor. China’s approach to foreign assistance has become highly appreciated as the country’s stature as a provider of economic assistance has matured. In 2013, under President Xi Jinping, Beijing introduced the Belt and Road Initiative, which has become a leading component of China’s foreign policy and triggered a new round of policy reform in its foreign aid agenda. In Africa, China’s foreign assistance has kept in line with the policy of equal treatment. It has shared its development experience, helped many African countries to transition from “poor” to “developing”, from “aid recipients” to “wealth creators”, and many African countries are thus turning their interests from the West to the East. Certainly, the European Union as a traditional aid donor, remains the largest aid distributor in the world, especially in Africa. In other words, the EU’s foreign assistance has become an indispensable source of funding for many African countries. However, foreign aid effectiveness remains low on the African continent because of the absence of native African policymakers in aid programs designed and implemented by Beijing and Brussels. Some critics argue that Chinese and European assistance to Africa is not bringing about the best results as expected. This article argues that a new international architecture of foreign assistance through trilateral cooperation is needed to increase Chinese and European aid effectiveness in Africa. Trilateral cooperation will not only increase foreign assistance efficiency in Africa, but also give a chance to African countries to strengthen their own development capacity through assistance and guidance, reduce Africa’s aid dependence, and hopefully guarantee a smooth “graduation” of African countries from official development assistance.

Keywords: Trilateral Cooperation; Foreign Assistance; Aid Dependency; Effectiveness

        本文发表于China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies2020年第3期。