王涛 杨影淇

    摘要∶有效的跨界河流合作机制对域内国家合作开发河流的集体行动、国家间纠纷处理、全流域社会经济可持续发展，都将产生积极作用。霸权国家主导论认为域内霸权国结合权力与地缘优势可迫使或引导其他国家遵守跨界河流合作机制。合作机制完善论有关完善预防与解决冲突、信息共享等机构的建议也有望提升其有效性。水资源综合管理论认为整合多元议题、协调不同主体将能挖掘机制成员国更多合作动力，丰富机制治理路径。外部机制协调论认为机制管理资源配置、流域内治理规范整合、机制管理路径优化与平台拓展是提升跨界河流合作机制有效性的关键。嵌套式机制的提出则有助于说明流域内共识的构建路径，并能呼应因不同跨界河流具体情况所导致的差异化治理难题。

    关键词：跨界河流合作机制;霸权国家主导论;合作机制完善论;水资源综合管理论;外部机制协调论

      Abstract:Effective transboundary river cooperation mechanisms will play a positive role in facilitating the collective actions of the countries in the river basin for developing the transboundary rivers, the settlement of disputes between the countries,and the sustainable development of society and economy in the whole basin. Hegemony theory holds that the hegemonic powers in the basin can combine power and geographical advantages to force or guide other countries to comply with the transboundary river cooperation mechanisms. The theory of cooperation mechanisms holds the views that improving the institutions of conflicts prevention and resolution and the systems of information sharing would help to enhance the effectiveness of the transboundary river cooperation mechanisms. According to the theory of integrated water resources management, integrating multiple issues and coordinating different subjects strengthen motivation to cooperate among the member states of the transboundary river cooperation mechanisms and enrich the means of governing for the mechanisms. The theory of coordination of external mechanisms raises that the rational allocation of re-sources for the mechanisms, the integration of norms of intrabasin governance, the optimization of management processes for the mechanisms and the expansion of platform for managing the cooperation are the keys to improve the effectiveness of transboundary river cooperation mechanisms. The nested regimes are helpful to explain the means of constructing consensus in the basin,and to respond to the various problems of governance caused by the different conditions and situations of transboundary rivers.

        Key words: transboundary river cooperation mechanisms; effectiveness;hegemony theory; theory of cooperation mechanisms; theory of integrated water resources management; theory of coordination of external mechanisms

    本文发表于《太平洋学报》 2022 年第 5 期。