王涛 黄世顺

    内容提要：基督教19世纪末大规模传入非洲后，黑人信徒改造并发展出各种形式的非洲本土独立

教会，依次出现了埃塞俄比亚教会、圣灵教会、五旬节-神恩教会等三种类型。埃塞俄比亚教会强调黑人对基督教会的主导权，但几乎照搬白人教会理念与组织。圣灵教会不仅强调黑人领导地位，而且在观念上将非洲传统信仰元素掺入基督教中。出于对圣灵教会只注重精神救赎的反省，五旬节-神恩教会进一步统合本土与外来元素，运用新型技术宣扬精神-物质并重论，不仅实现了非洲本土独立教会的新创，而且扩散至欧美地区。非洲本土独立教会的三次嬗变都通过自我革新的方式有效回应了非洲现实，体现了基督教非洲化的宗教逻辑与历史逻辑。

    关键词：非洲本土独立教会 埃塞俄比亚教会 圣灵教会 五旬节-神恩教会

        Abstract: In order to adapted Africa’s situation and satisfied the Blacks’ demands, Christianity Churches changed their religious ideas and organizational frameworks after they entered African in large scale in late nineteen-century. This led to the evolution of Christianity into various forms of African indigenous independent churches. According to the time line and the change, there are three types of African indigenous independent churches: Ethiopian Churches, Holy Spirit Churches, and Pentecostal-Charismatic Churches. The Ethiopian Churches emphasized the Blacks’ dominance of the church, but almost copied the white Christian churches in their ideas and organizations. On the basis of the Ethiopian Churches, the Holy Spirit Churches not only emphasized the leading position of the Blacks, but also mixed the elements of traditional African beliefs into Christianity. The introspection that the Holy Spirit Churches only paid attention to spiritual redemption led to the Pentecostal-Charismatic Churches. They further used a varies of modern media technologies to promote equal emphasis on spiritual and material pursuit. They not only achieved the innovation of African indigenous independent churches, but also spread to Europe and America, winning a large number of believers. The three changes of the African indigenous independent churches are the response to better adapt to the reality of Africa, which embodies the logic of the Africanization of Christianity.

        Key words: African indigenous independent church; Ethiopian Churches; Holy Spirit Churches; Pentecostal-Charismatic Churches

        本文发表于《世界宗教文化》2022 年 第 2 期。