王 涛 刘肖兰

内容提要 卫生问题安全化是全球化时代社会变革的产物。以各类传染病、慢性非传染病为突出表现的卫生安全挑战，在非洲具有多样性、动态性、跨界性与复合性的特点。卫生安全问题损害了民众健康，不利于社会经济稳定与发展，削弱了非洲国家提供卫生公共产品的能力，反过来又引发新的卫生安全挑战。从1963年派遣第一支援非医疗队开始，中非卫生安全合作历经60年发展历程。其中，“非典”疫情显著提高了中国对卫生问题安全化的关注，并将其融入对非合作中；埃博拉疫情则是中非携手应对卫生安全挑战的一场“大考”；中非团结抗击新冠肺炎疫情深化了“中非卫生健康共同体”。中非卫生安全合作立足平等、秉持协商、致力发展，以中非合作论坛机制为指导，会议机制、项目机制共同发挥作用，聚焦非洲亟需、中方力所能及的领域，由此逐步形成了具有自身特色的中非卫生安全合作模式。双方在此领域的合作为保障非洲民众安全、促进非洲社会经济发展、化解非洲卫生安全难题做出了积极贡献。

    关 键 词 中非合作 非洲卫生安全 中非卫生健康共同体 新冠肺炎疫情

Abstract: The securitization of health issues is the consequence of social transformation in the era of globalization. Health security challenges highlighted by communicable diseases and chronic non -communicable diseases, are diverse, dynamic,cross-border and complex in Africa.Health security issues damage people's health, undermine social and economic development, weaken the ability of African countries to provide public health goods, and further exacerbate and trigger new health security issues. Health security issues also intensify social injustice and antagonism in Africa, and thereby dissolve an already fragile national identity. Africa's health security concerns need to be addressed by African countries together with the international community.Since the dispatch of the first medical team to Africa in 1963, China-Africa health security cooperation has gone through sixty years. Among them, the SARS epidemic has significantly raised China's awareness of the securitization of health issues and incorporate it into China's cooperation with Africa.The Ebola epidemic is a key test for China and Africa to jointly address health security challenges. The COVID-19 epidemic has drawn attention of international community to health security issues.The practice of China-Africa cooperation to fight against COVID-19 has deepened and enriched the idea of China-Africa Health Community.Based on principles of equality, dialogue and development, guided by the mechanism of FOCAC, China-Africa health security cooperation has gradually formed a distinctive model, which focuses on urgently needed areas. China-Africa health security cooperation has indeed made significant contributions to ensuring the safety of African people,promoting Africa's social and economic development, as well as resolving its health security hurdles.

Key words: China-Africa cooperation; Africa's health security;China-Africa Health Community;COVID-19 pandemic

载《西亚非洲》2023年第2期