王 涛   黄 世 顺

【内容提要】国家共同体旨在通过制度安排与法律机制将不同群体纳入统一政治组织,国族共同体 旨在塑造精神共同体,使个体在心理上产生对国家的归属与忠诚感。国家共同体建设是国族共同体塑造 的前提与基础。１９世纪末以来埃塞奠定现代国家的版图基础，开启国家共同体建设。二战结束后的 帝制政权推行 “阿姆哈拉化” 政策，试图强推国族共同体。德格政权转向国家制度建设，否认族群问题 ，致力于全民国家共同体。埃革阵政权正视族群差异， 推行民族联邦制 ，建设联邦国家共同体 。２０１８年阿比执政以来，繁荣党政权既承认多元族群格局 ，又强调埃塞国族身份认同 ，同步推进国家与 国族共同体建设 。埃塞国家共同体建设历程与道路探索，提供了非西方国家共同体建设的生动案例 。它属于“未完成的工程”，其未来发展与挑战仍需密切追踪 。

【关键词】 国家共同体    国族共同体    阿姆哈拉化    全民国家   民族联邦制    泛埃塞主义

Abstract ：A state community seeks to integrate diverse groups into a single political framework via institutions and laws, whereas a national community seeks to cultivate a spiritual bond that fosters individuals’ psychological attachment and allegiance to the state. State community building is the precondition and foundation for shaping the national community. Since the late 19ᵗʰ century, Ethiopia has laid the territorial foundation for a modern state and begun building a state community. After World War II, the imperial regime pursued a policy of Amharization, attempting to forcibly forge a national community. The Derg regime shifted its focus to state institutional building, denied that ethnic problems actually existed, and committed itself to forging a people’s state community. The EPRDF regime confronted ethnic differences head-on, instituted ethnic federalism, and established a federal state community. Since Abiy came to power in 2018, the Prosperity Party regime has embraced ethnic diversity while simultaneously reinforcing Ethiopianness, pursuing state community and national community building in tandem. Ethiopia’s trajectory of state community building and path exploration offers a compelling case of non-Western countries. It remains an “unfinished project,” and its future development and challenges remain in need of continuous monitoring.

Keywords ：State Community National Community Amharization People’s State Ethnic Federalism Pan-Ethiopianism

本文原载于《 世 界 民 族 》 ２０２６ 年 第 ５ 期

一审/苏伟    二审/梁益坚   终审/李湘云